The Romans never took over Ireland and never fully controlled Caledonia, the land north of the valleys of the River Forth and River Clyde. They ruled the southern two-thirds of Great Britain. Rome ruled in Britain from 44 AD to 410 AD. Written history began in Britain when writing was brought to Britain by the Romans. Almost all countries left and became independent from the empire in the 20th century, although Britain keeps links with most countries of its former empire. The empire was sometimes called 'the empire on which the sun never sets', meaning the sun is always shining on at least one of its territories. Its area was 13,012,000 square miles: almost a quarter of the Earth's land area. At its height in 1922, more than 458 million people lived in the British Empire, one-fifth of the Earth's population. It became a colonial empire that controlled large areas of Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania. Cardiff and Swansea are in Wales and Derry and Belfast is in Northern Ireland.īetween the 17th and mid 20th-centuries, Britain was a world power. Scotland has the big cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow. There are also other big cities in England including Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Bristol and Newcastle upon Tyne. London is the biggest city in the UK and is the nation's capital city. 5.5 per cent of the population speak languages brought to the UK as a result of relatively recent immigration. The people who live here usually speak English.Ībout 95 per cent of the UK's population are English speakers. People who live in Northern Ireland are either Irish, British, or Northern Irish. Northern Ireland takes up about a sixth of Ireland (with the Republic of Ireland taking up the remainder). Unlike the other three countries, it is not on the island of Great Britain: it is part of the island called Ireland. Northern Ireland is the smallest country.Not everyone in Wales can speak Welsh, but almost everyone can speak English. Its people are called Welsh and they have their own Celtic language which is also called Welsh. Scottish English, on the other hand, is a version of English. Some speak a language other than English: Scottish Gaelic, a Gaelic language. People who live there are called Scottish, and a Scottish person may be called a Scottish. Scotland, north of England, is the second biggest country.Their native language is called English, which is spoken by most people in England. People who live in England are called English. England is the biggest country, where most people in the UK live.They can be divided into four big nationalities based on the countries where they live (or where they were born or their ancestry). It had the sixth largest economy in the world by nominal GDP in 2019.Īround 66 million people live in the UK (2018). It is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth, NATO, the G8, and formerly the EU. It is a constitutional monarchy that is made up of four separate countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland or simply the United Kingdom ( UK) is a sovereign country in Western Europe.
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